Which article establishes the judicial branch of the U.S. Constitution?

• A. Article 3
• B. Article 4
• C. Article 5
• D. Article 6

Answer: (A)

The main idea being tested is which part of the Constitution creates and defines the federal judiciary. Article III establishes the judicial branch, creating the Supreme Court and authorizing Congress to form lower federal courts. It vests the judicial power in these courts, sets their jurisdiction over cases arising under the Constitution and federal law, and protects judicial independence with lifetime tenure during good behavior and salary protections. The broader framework for how judges are chosen involves the executive and legislative branches, but the actual structure and powers of the courts come from Article III. For contrast, the legislative branch is set by Article I, the executive by Article II, while other articles address states, amendments, and the supremacy clause.