What is the intended effect of having overlapping powers across branches?

• A. To counteract ambition
• B. To centralize power
• C. To reduce voter participation
• D. To create a unitary state

Answer: (A)

Overlapping powers across branches creates a system of checks and balances designed to counteract ambition. When each branch has some influence over the others, it becomes harder for any one branch to seize control. This setup encourages restraint and accountability, because actions by one branch can be reviewed, revised, or blocked by another. The idea—often attributed to Madison—is that ambition must be countered by ambition. So this design protects liberty and prevents tyranny, rather than centralizing power, reducing participation, or creating a unitary state.