What is devolution in federalism?

• A. City elect national reps
• B. National referendum
• C. Expansion of federal powers
• D. Transfer of powers from the federal government to state governments, often with greater discretion

Answer: (D)

Devolution in federalism is the transfer of authority from the national government to state governments, often with greater discretion over how to use that authority. This is why the statement describing shifting powers from the federal government to states—and giving states more choice in how to implement policies fits best. It contrasts with expanding federal powers, which would push authority toward the national level, not away from it. It also isn’t about city residents electing national representatives or about national referendums, which are different mechanisms of participation or governance. In practice, devolution often happens through tools like block grants that let states decide how to spend funds to meet broad federal goals.